History of Nubian

History of Nubian Nubia is a place located alongside river Nile and extends from the southern part of Aswan to the town of Dabba. The bigger part of Nubia is in Sudan while a small potion is situated in Egypt. History clearly indicates the subdivision of Nubia into lower, upper and southern Nubia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Nubian specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The lower and upper Nubia was the initial settlement place for Nubians. Nubia gained its fame from its perpetual activity of mining gold in addition to trading with ivory and ebony. It is among the earliest black civilization with its backbone mainly on natural wealth (Bulliet, 2001). Culture Kerma culture was the first empire to bring together the Nubian community and it is believed to evolve from Neolithic. At that time, 1750 BC, the kings were powerful enough to mobilize construction of walls and rich tombs filled with human sacrifices and possessions (Bull iet, 2001). Craftsmen in Kerma were excellent in pottery and metalwork. Egypt took over Nubia in 1500 BC to form the new kingdom of Egyptian colony. Their empire stretched from Euphrates to the 5th cataract of the Nile. After the conquest, monument such as Abu Simbel was built. When Egyptians left Nubia Kingdom of Kush came into being. This community adopted the Egyptian culture including their religion, music, language, and code of dressing. Assyrians invaded Kushite dynasty consequently pushing them down south to Meroe. At the present time, Muslims makes up the Nubian community. Their main median of communication is the Arabic language in addition to the Nubian language. Other distinctive features include the code of dressing, traditions and music. Jewelry was the most characterizing feature of Nubian culture. The jewelry was tailored to meet individual needs and specifications. Wedding festivity was a period to put on and display this jewelry. Nubian music in form of ‘shar ’ was performed during wedding ceremonies. Technology Monuments, artifacts and tombs signified advanced use of technology to attain civilization. The unique form of writing comprising of hieroglyphs and the advanced alphabetic scripts of 23 signs clearly indicates high level of technology (Bulliet, 2001). Another important factor to note is the pyramids which were constructed in Meroe (800 BC – 350 AD). The process of putting up these pyramids required great human intellect and skills. This forms a reason for the classification of tombs and pyramids as the wonders of the world.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The kingdom of Meroe was also described by a standing military force with sophisticated weapons. To support this point, military formation instituted by Candace of Meroe made Alexander the great to withdraw his force. Trade in the ancient time was t he lifestyle of many communities. Nubia acted as a trade corridor for people from tropical Africa and Egypt. Ebony and ivory from tropical Africa were channeled to Egypt via Nubia. This contributed to Nubian wealth. Diet Agriculture was the main source of food for Nubians. A variety of date palms was planted intensively. Export of these products acted as a source of income. Cereals and vegetables were cultivated for consumption purposes. After the construction of Aswan High Dam, irrigation was carried out extensively. Several governmental projects including the building of walls to stop land from flooding were done. On the contrary, summer periods were hard times in Nubia as sorghum and millet were consumed. There was a risk therefore of malnutrition simply because sorghum lacked vitamin B. Reference Bulliet, P. et al. (2001). Nubia, The Earth and Its Peoples. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

The History of Deodorants and Antiperspirants

The History of Deodorants and Antiperspirants Mum deodorant is generally recognized as being the first-ever commercial deodorant... but we dont actually know who invented it.    Mum Deodorant Before the advent of deodorant, people generally battled their offensive smells by masking them with perfumes (a practice dating to the Ancient Egyptians and Greeks).  That changed when Mum deodorant came onto the scene in 1888. Unfortunately, we dont actually know whom to thank for saving us all from our stink, as the inventors name has been lost. All we know is that this Philadelphia-based inventor trademarked his invention and distributed it through his nurse under the name of Mum.   Mum also had very little in common with the deodorants found in drugstores today. Unlike todays roll-on, stick or aerosol deodorants, the zinc-based Mum deodorant was originally sold as a cream applied to the underarms by the fingers.    In the late 1940s, Helen Barnett Diserens joined the Mum production team. A suggestion by a colleague inspired Helen to develop an underarm deodorant based on the same principle as a newfangled invention called the  ballpoint pen. This new type of deodorant applicator was tested in the USA in 1952, and marketed under the name of Ban Roll-On. The First Antiperspirant Deodorants can take care of smells, but theyre not as effective at taking care of excessive sweating. Fortunately, the first antiperspirant came onto the scene just 15 years: Everdry, which launched in 1903, used aluminum salts to block pores and inhibit sweating. These early antiperspirants caused skin irritation, however, and in 1941 Jules Montenier patented a more modern formulation of antiperspirant that reduced irritation, and which hit the market as Stopette. The first antiperspirant aerosol deodorant was launched in 1965. However, antiperspirant sprays lost popularity due to health and environmental concerns, and today stick deodorants and antiperspirants are most popular.

Nursing theory Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing theory - Annotated Bibliography Example During her times, nursing was merely for the impecunious and hopeless women of society. Florence Nightingale challenged this stigma when she defied the expectations and entered nursing. She did humanitarian acts and responded to greater causes by exceeding her limitations. One example of this is the image of her making rounds at night while carrying her lamp, to which she has been always portrayed. The article also puts emphasis on the timeless relevance of Nightingale’s works. Her works, at first glance, may seem like inapplicable at present times. But if analyzed in an elaborative manner, Nightingale’s notes, theories and works can still befittingly applied. The paper also pointed out that today’s nurses need not to force themselves into becoming strictly akin to what Nightingale did. What is more important is for modern-day nurses to be able to apply Nightingale’s vision and mission by contributing to their own practice in their own unique and personal

Undecided Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Undecided - Assignment Example With the increased need of parking space in urban centers, U.S. has adopted diverse policies to ensure charging of fair prices on curb parking centers. Thus, this reflection paper offers a relative analysis of policies of parking reform in U.S. with interest in the imperious role played by urban planning to ensure sustainable development. Parking and curb reforms are among the critical features of transportation infrastructure in a developed country like United States. Therefore, the management and provision of curbs should be coordinated carefully with other elements of transportation and the government should ensure that curb customers are charged fairly. The author of the article â€Å"Yes, parking reform is possible† argues that urban centers should charge the right prices for curb parking. I think this is a policy that should be adhered to because charging either too low or too high prices bring many negative effects. If cities charge too high prices for curb parking, then the parking will lose many customers resulting to employees losing their jobs, and the cities losing tax revenue (Shoup 31). On the other hand, charging too low prices means there will be no curb spaces, thus, leading to traffic congestion, fuel wastage, and air pollution. Further, the writer of this article argues that the council should aim at setting parking policies and not parking charges. It is logical to support this statement because curb spaces are multi-billion dollar private or public investment in the United States. There is need of managing these resources, in a wise manner. The prioritization of the competing needs for curb parking in urban centers of the United States depends highly on the set prices. This is because the wise management of parking resources and curb spaces is important for achieving economic development and wider transportation goals. In addition, availability of parking spaces is one of the key contributors to the economic health and can aid

Present Social Trend Essay Example for Free

Present Social Trend Essay The world today is experiencing a dynamic movement towards time and development. Gone are the days when the slow process of progress is still accommodated in the economic, cultural, social, scientific and physical world. Even the way people earn their living always needs proper upgrading since technological advancement related to it is growing fast. The primary tool to make both ends meet is education. An educated person is more likely to be resilient in the changing world compared to those who are uneducated and even poorly educated. The very reason why people experience poverty is lack of proper education to meet an employer’s needs in terms of skills and educational attainment. Hence, a successful person is the one who is rich with skills and capabilities. According to Immerwahr, the work complexities of the world almost require all men to be retrained despite of their age (Immerwah, 2004). Aside from that, the public believe nowadays those adults who returned to school for purposes of retraining are in a more advantageous position in terms of success (Immerwahr, 2004). On the other track, together will all of the layoffs in working communities of the present time, individuals may be more cognizant of the opportunities for higher education that subsist for nontraditional students (Immerwahr, 2004). The truth is, many older people are forced to attend school again in order to keep their jobs and to cope up with existing promotion opportunities. Jobs are becoming scarce and young people are more trained compared to older people. That is why the goals of older people are glued to the move that their jobs will be protected from being affected due to fast-changing working requirements. As a result, the aforementioned study reported that adults who were retrained are more prone to successful endeavors compared to those who do not care going back to school. The result of the situations mentioned is that adults become students. Employers are aware that their workers are going back o school for retraining necessary to keep the job or for job security. Companies must see to it that their salary offering would be updated as older employees who worked in the company for so long become properly-trained. Besides, the effect of this social trend goes to the difficulties of older people in managing their time. Aside from the fact that they are usually married, those older men who go back to school for retraining, has more extra-curricular activities to attend to. It is their responsibility to juggle their time in order to attend to their work and their family responsibilities. Other returning students even focused on their retraining and used their savings for financial support (Immerwahr, 2004). Finally, the ability of individuals to deal with the present work situation and educational trend make them avoid hardships in terms of economic conditions. The readiness of the universities and schools offering retraining to design their curriculum to cater the needs of adult students is evident. The notion that young people must pursue higher learning or education no longer applies nowadays as older men are also encouraged to do so. That is why those who do not consider college education 20 or even 15 years ago are finding themselves back to universities and schools. Therefore, the latest social trend is now applicable to all people young or old due to the evident changes in the way we earn a living. Going back to school is a necessity especially when unemployment rate continue to rise. References Immerwahr, J. Higher Education. (February 2004). Public Attitudes on Higher Education. Retrieved July 28, 2008, from http://www.highereducation.org/ reports/pubatt/.

Comparing James Joyces Araby and Ernest Hemingways A Clean, Well-Ligh

Comparing James Joyce's Araby and Ernest Hemingway's A Clean, Well-Lighted Place As divergent as James Joyce's "Araby" and Ernest Hemingway's "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" are in style, they handle many of the same themes. Both stories explore hope, anguish, faith, and despair. While "Araby" depicts a youth being set up for his first great disappointment, and "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" shows two older men who have long ago settled for despair, both stories use a number of analogous symbols, and lap over each other thematically. At the beginning of "Araby", the narrator describes the street's lamps as lifting their "feeble lanterns" towards an "ever-changing violet" sky (227). The colour violet is both dark and rich. The sky, this deep, mysterious colour, and always mutating, suggests the expanse of unknown beyond mortal experience. The feeble lights which fail to lick the lowest tufts of cloud resemble the people who look out into the fog of unanswerable questions; who can never hope to find anything but the shapes one reads in, like hillside skywatchers. The narrator's character goes around looking up. First at Mangan's sister: from the shadow, from the floor, and from the subordinate position of an admirer. Then, more metaphorically, he looks up to an image he's built for himself; an expectation of beauty and treasures; an enthusiastic hope or hopeful enthusiasm that his pilgrimage to Araby will yield him if not the answer (to the question which manifests as a nameless longing), then the key to the answer. This answer is represented by Mangan's sister (whose name is not mentioned, as with the Hebrew G-d), whom the boy hopes to access through the gesture of his quest.1 At the end, the boy looks up again, like the l... ...othing in it. Hemingway's old man walks away from the bar with dignity, but with hope long vanished. The older waiter, another faithless man, is resigned to nothingness. His mockery of Christian prayer is not angry, but spoken with a smile and a sigh. However, as indicated by his insomnia, Nada is a cold bedfellow. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place". Kirszner and Mandell 233. Joyce, James. "Araby". Kirszner and Mandell 226. Kirszner, Laurie, and Stephen Mandell, eds. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Compact Fourth Edition. New York: Harcourt College Publishers, 2000. 1This character may also stand as a sexual symbol. The bracelet she handles when she speaks of the convent may suggest that she is shackled to Catholic prudery. In any case, she still stands as "the desired", physically or metaphysically.

A Farewell to Arms Film vs Text Essay

Put Out on the First â€Å"Date†: The Selective Representation of Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms The deeply philosophical work of Ernest Hemingway was taken under artistic license and possibly political agenda when it was produced in film. In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway paints, with broad strokes of disillusionment, over the ideals of honor, war and love as a preoccupation or distraction from the realities of life. The reader is left with the impression of the constant human drive to distract itself whether with alcohol, violence, anesthesia or passion. But the film focuses on the love story and the trials it faces through a backdrop of faith and war. The alterations made in the representations of the characters, love and war leave the viewer with only a hint of the deeper questions presented in the novel. Lieutenant Frederic Henry is portrayed in novel as a generally well disciplined, reserved and good natured. He did not partake in the teasing of the priest despite his lack of faith and even endeavored to mollify any perceived slights with the man. Henry could never muster any reason for joining the Italian army other than just being in Italy at the time and speaking the language. He does not feel any particular allegiance, even having the opinion that, â€Å"It was impossible to salute foreigners as an Italian, without embarrassment† (Hemingway 23). Henry just doesn’t seem to care one way or the other which army he was a part of so long as the action would distract him from anything else. In the novel, he assists a man trying to get away from the front line, grows attached to a woman because she is there, becomes an alcoholic, and shoots men in his command because they wouldn’t help with the retreat. And yet these actions were permissible in the fact that they were a result of his circumstance and not his character. He was presented to the reader as a man ever looking for something to occupy his mind and body from reality. In the film however, all of these actions were cut out except for the ones involving Catherine. An entirely different character is established when he brushes aside the feelings of his friend when he obstinately steals Catherine’s attention from him and proceeds to deflower her in a church courtyard. Catherine was not as altered in the transition to the silver screen, other than the omission of her initial recollections of her dead fiance and her deception and going off pregnant and on her own when Henry must return to the front line. The complications that were involved with the development of her character in the novel slightly mistranslated in the film as seeming as though she was constantly living in a dream world, refusing reality. While she certainly was not alone in her delusions of enduring happiness in the text, she was portrayed as alone in the film for most of her pregnancy. In the novel there was constant discourse with Henry as the two of them were away in the country or sequestered away in some hotel room. In the film there is a hint of feminism when Catherine’s friend Ms. Ferguson complains about the current role of women in the war and her reoccurring dismay on her own loneliness. The role of women was going under a reconstruction, though not as hot a topic it would become after the Second World War. The war, itself, is incredibly downplayed in a total screen representation of perhaps ten minutes. The simplistic but enthralling manner in which Ernest Hemingway writes his chapters regarding the war effort are completely thrown away in order to film a romance. There is camaraderie among the soldiers and an active lifestyle that Henry misses while he is away with Catherine in the country. The war was not something that this industry was trying to sell; it was trying to promote it as a needless obstacle to happiness where the novel simply presented it as a function of man. When reading this novel, the idea of love fell into the same ideals that Henry found empty and overused. But, the film portrayed the romance as a definite and overpowering thing. In the text, this couple was simply juxtaposed and a romance ensued. There was a war going on and people were dying. That hovering reality drives a person to find solace in any way they can. In the film, Henry is portrayed as a man on the hunt and Catherine was easy prey. They are not described as being sexually intimate until much later in the story, and while this could have been interpreted as the first time any actually feeling emerged between the two, it was an incredibly liberal interpretation that the nurse put out in the first encounter—considering Catherine, Henry, Ferguson, and Rinaldi were all present at the occasion. In the novel, love was an aspiration and a preferable occupation no matter what time you have with a person or their past. Catherine seems to still have her ex fiance in her mind when she comments on vague differences between him and her new suitor such as, â€Å"‘You don’t pronounce it very much alike’† (Hemingway 31). It was simply a convenient affair of emotions that kept a man and a woman’s mind off of the war. But the movie did not include these subtleties that amassed into disillusionment. The end of the film there is a dramatic scene in which Henry soothes Catherine’s fear of abandonment and she bravely dies and he lifts her up in his arms, pulling the white sheets with him off the bed as church bells ring out into the rain. This is a much more romanticized version of the, â€Å"she was unconscious all the time, and it did not take her very long to die† (Hemingway 331). The novel was rich in anti-illusion and focused on the realities of humanity and life, but the film only hinted at these themes. People will find distraction from pain, even if the actions cause more pain. All ideals of honor, loyalty, and love will be a threat to rationality. But the drive for distraction is natural. After Henry leaves the effort of the war he feels like he has no purpose in life. In a discussion with Catherine he explained the usefulness of the distraction that was the war, â€Å"‘that’s how I worked it at the front. But there was something to do then’† (Hemingway 257). The film cuts this portion out of the story as well as invents its own drama as Catherine hides the fact she is pregnant and runs away to Switzerland and letters are kept from their recipients. This added drama ironically adds to the message the book sends of the need for drama as distraction from an uncomfortable reality. Seeing Henry doubt his actions after reuniting with his love and seeing that even real emotion is fleeting in life is not what the movie would ruin the romance. Aristotle coveted the unity of time, place and action as the key to enthralling an audience—and this could be an excuse snatched up by the film industry, but cutting so much from the novel changes the message of the story. The farewell in A Farewell to Arms is both to the conflict of war and his current preoccupation of love as Henry and the reader is left to finally face the harsh and hollow realities of life. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Scribner Classics, 1997. Print.

Class Differences Essay

â€Å"Where justice is denied, where poverty is enforced, where ignorance prevails, and where any one class is made to feel that society is an organized conspiracy to oppress, rob and degrade them, neither persons nor property will be safe. † (– Frederick Douglass) The Kite Runner is based on two boys named Amir and Hassan. Amir is from an upper class, called the Pashtuns and Hassan is from a lower class, called the Hazaras. Pashtuns are Afghanistan’s largest ethnic group. Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims and Hazaras are Shi’a Muslims. Pashtuns consider Hazaras a disgrace to Islam and are considered a minority. Hazaras have been discriminated for many centuries. Because of this class difference, there are limitations to Amir and Hassan’s relationship. The Kite Runner would not exist if there is no class difference between Amir and Hassan because every conflict in the novel revolves around the class difference between Amir and Hassan as well as Pashtuns and Hazaras. Amir and Hassan themselves would be two completely different people if it weren’t for the labels of Pashtuns and Hazaras and the political issues that are ongoing in Afghanistan would be non-existent as well. The Kite Runner is based on the class difference between Amir and Hassan. There would be no conflicts or issues in this novel if it weren’t for the discrimination against Hazaras and the superiority of Pashtuns. The conflict between Assef and Hassan would be non-existent because if there was no class difference in the novel, Assef would have never teased Hassan. Assef even raped Hassan because he was a Hazara. Assef is the village bully and has very low tolerance for Hazaras, especially Hassan. Hassan was raped to be dominated by Assef and to prove that Hassan is inferior to Assef. Every confrontation Hassan and Assef have, Assef constantly states that Pashtuns are real Afghans and Hazaras are not. â€Å"Afghanistan is the land of Pashtuns. It always has been, always will be. We are the true Afghans, not this Flat-Nose here. His people pollute our homeland, our watan. They dirty our blood. † – (Assef, Chapter 5, Page 43) He also claims that Hazaras pollute Afghanistan and should be killed just like how Hitler murdered 6 million Jewish people because they were considered minorities in Germany. Another conflict that would also make the novel non-existent would be the limited relationship between Amir and Hassan. When Amir and Hassan participated in the Kite flying competition, Amir controlled the kite and Hassan was the kite runner. This already shows the domination Amir has over Hassan and how Amir will always remain the controller and Hassan will always be the runner. Amir only treated him like he was inferior because of he was a Hazara and also because of the favouritism between Amir and Hassan from Baba. 26 years later when Amir is in living the USA and Hassan is still in Afghanistan, Hassan protected Baba’s property with his wife and his child. Hassan and his wife were killed because he was protecting his home and was claimed a liar by the Taliban’s, also because he was a Hazara. The class difference in this novel was not only between Amir and Hassan but between the Talibans and Hazaras as well, which caused a lot of political tension. Overall, most conflicts introduced in The Kite Runner are inflicted by class differences between Amir and Hassan. If it were not for the class difference and discrimination, there would be no story at all.

7 Outdated Job Seeker Mistakes And How You Can Overcome Them

7 Outdated Job Seeker Mistakes And How You Can Overcome Them When you’re looking for jobs, you often get a lot of advice. Most of it is helpful and almost all of it is well-intended. But there are a few outdated things you don’t want to fall into doing if you want to stay current and be competitive in the job market. So if you hear any of the following, be sure to disregard the advice. 1. Using a Landline for Important ConversationsThis might have been good advice back when cell phones first came out, but nowadays most people don’t even have landlines, so telling them they have to use one is only going to stress them out. Cell phones are perfectly serviceable.2. Being Internet MIAYou’d be right to make sure your online presence is scrubbed up and rid of any inflammatory or inappropriate material, but you’d be wrong to be a ghost. If a company can’t Google you and find something, then you’re going to be overlooked. Make sure you come up in at least some searches with your name.3. Keeping an Old-R ules ResumeMost older people will give you a lot of advice about your resume: you have to keep it to one page, you should always include the line â€Å"References available upon request† at the end, that you should include an â€Å"Objective† paragraph at the top, and that you should make sure to use formal language. None of these things are true. You should also make sure never to cut corners and send the same cookie-cutter document for every job. Tailor each resume to each new application.4. Leaving Paper TrailsA lot of well-meaning older folks will also tell you it’s important to always and only submit a paper resume. And that you should invest in really good paper because the quality is important. Also that you should overnight your resume so it doesn’t get lost in the mail shuffle. None of these are true, either. An electronic copy of your resume isn’t just a good idea, sometimes it’s the only way to submit. Some hiring managers might e ven consider you a nuisance for burdening them with a paper copy when everyone else submit PDFs.5. Applying During Hiring SeasonYou should always apply when the hiring is at its peak! Right? Wrong. You might actually get lost in the shuffle when masses of other applicants are flooding through. Be a maverick and send in your application when no one else is sniffing around- school holidays, normal holidays, snow days, etc.6. Only Applying Where There Are Posted OpeningsYou might think just because a company has no advertised openings that it’s not worth sending in an application. Think again. If you really really want to work at a certain company, make your passion known. See if you have a contact in your network who can get your foot in the door, be that an employee or an internal recruiter.7. Applying Online OnlyYou might think it’s a brilliant idea and such a hassle-saver to only have to blast your applications out online, but you should make sure you’re not on ly searching on the massive job sites. Get your face out there and network. Don’t assume you know where your next opportunity will come from.

Chart of Common Charges of Chemical Elements

Chart of Common Charges of Chemical Elements This is a chart of the most  common charges for atoms of the chemical elements. You can use this chart to predict whether or not an atom can bond with another atom. The charge on an atom is related to its valence electrons or oxidation state. An atom of an element is most stable when its outer electron shell is completely filled or half-filled. The most common charges are based on maximum stability for the atom. However, other charges are possible. For example, hydrogen sometimes has a charge of zero or (less commonly) -1. Although noble gas atoms almost always carry a charge of zero, these elements do form compounds, which means they can gain or lose electrons and carry a charge. Table of Common Element Charges Number Element Charge 1 hydrogen 1+ 2 helium 0 3 lithium 1+ 4 beryllium 2+ 5 boron 3-, 3+ 6 carbon 4+ 7 nitrogen 3- 8 oxygen 2- 9 fluorine 1- 10 neon 0 11 sodium 1+ 12 magnesium 2+ 13 aluminum 3+ 14 silicon 4+, 4- 15 phosphorus 5+, 3+, 3- 16 sulfur 2-, 2+, 4+, 6+ 17 chlorine 1- 18 argon 0 19 potassium 1+ 20 calcium 2+ 21 scandium 3+ 22 titanium 4+, 3+ 23 vanadium 2+, 3+, 4+, 5+ 24 chromium 2+, 3+, 6+ 25 manganese 2+, 4+, 7+ 26 iron 2+, 3+ 27 cobalt 2+, 3+ 28 nickel 2+ 29 copper 1+, 2+ 30 zinc 2+ 31 gallium 3+ 32 germanium 4-, 2+, 4+ 33 arsenic 3-, 3+, 5+ 34 selenium 2-, 4+, 6+ 35 bromine 1-, 1+, 5+ 36 krypton 0 37 rubidium 1+ 38 strontium 2+ 39 yttrium 3+ 40 zirconium 4+ 41 niobium 3+, 5+ 42 molybdenum 3+, 6+ 43 technetium 6+ 44 ruthenium 3+, 4+, 8+ 45 rhodium 4+ 46 palladium 2+, 4+ 47 silver 1+ 48 cadmium 2+ 49 indium 3+ 50 tin 2+, 4+ 51 antimony 3-, 3+, 5+ 52 tellurium 2-, 4+, 6+ 53 iodine 1- 54 xenon 0 55 cesium 1+ 56 barium 2+ 57 lanthanum 3+ 58 cerium 3+, 4+ 59 praseodymium 3+ 60 neodymium 3+, 4+ 61 promethium 3+ 62 samarium 3+ 63 europium 3+ 64 gadolinium 3+ 65 terbium 3+, 4+ 66 dysprosium 3+ 67 holmium 3+ 68 erbium 3+ 69 thulium 3+ 70 ytterbium 3+ 71 lutetium 3+ 72 hafnium 4+ 73 tantalum 5+ 74 tungsten 6+ 75 rhenium 2+, 4+, 6+, 7+ 76 osmium 3+, 4+, 6+, 8+ 77 iridium 3+, 4+, 6+ 78 platinum 2+, 4+, 6+ 79 gold 1+, 2+, 3+ 80 mercury 1+, 2+ 81 thallium 1+, 3+ 82 lead 2+, 4+ 83 bismuth 3+ 84 polonium 2+, 4+ 85 astatine ? 86 radon 0 87 francium ? 88 radium 2+ 89 actinium 3+ 90 thorium 4+ 91 protactinium 5+ 92 uranium 3+, 4+, 6+

Case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Case study analysis - Essay Example Many foreign business people were encouraged to invest in Russia and a privatisation programme was introduced, as well. The economic reform policy led to high inflation rates in 1992 and the succeeding eight years. The national output fell by almost 20 per cent in 1992 leading to increased unemployment rate in the same year. There was a huge government deficit in 1992 rising from 1.5 per cent in the first quarter to 15 per cent in the last quarter. The economic growth rate slowed down in 1993 until 2000 where the economy almost realised full recovery. Inflation may refer to the general increase in prices of commodities in an economy. Following the introduction of the reform policy in 1991, Russian economy experienced a hyperinflation in 1992, which amounted to 1527 per cent. The reform critics argued that the Russian economy was very rigid to adopt the mixed economy system. They added that the increased rate of money supply of 600 per cent contributed to the increased inflation rates. When the government abolished the price controls, the monopoly producers hiked the prices of their products. The consumers, on the other hand, could not afford the goods sold at high prices and this lead to a huge decline in demand. The forces of foreign investors lead to some local producers escape the industry and, as a result, there were huge shortages of commodities in the market. Consequently, the decreased supply levels led to increased prices of commodities, such as food and clothing (Leitzel 213). The rate of inflation rose from less than 200 per cent in 1991 to more than 1400 per cent in 1992. In 1993, the inflation rate fall drastically to around 300 per cent and reduced gradually to a value below 10 per cent in 1997. Despite the financial crisis in 1998, the rate of inflation remained constant until 199 when it rose with a small per cent. Since 2000, the rate of inflation has remained below 15 per cent until 2008 (see the blue curve). The real GDP declined

Discuss the relationship between human beings and the natural world as Essay

Discuss the relationship between human beings and the natural world as discussed by all three of Montaigne, Descartes, and Pascal - Essay Example The admiration given to the persons who rule, and to all who treasure the advantages or worldly â€Å"greatness† relies on nothing more considerable than the acquaintance of imagination. (Farrell, 2006) Montaigne thus makes seemingly conflicting festivities of both the universality of and the dissimilarity among human beings. On one hand he commemorates multiplicity and can truly speak out that everyone has, in himself, a pattern of his own, a ruling pattern. On the other hand, the convinced from the hypothetical, the factual from the forged, the universal and essential from the unintentional and unconcerned. Final conclusions might not be accomplished, for human beings subsist in the realm of estimation, final answer might not be available to human beings (except perhaps for knowing this), but life must still be lived. (Levine, 2001) The primary structural boundary of the human situation that must be established if one is to achieve complicated minimalism requires ditching â€Å"metaphysics† as a conduct of human life. Montaigne deems this essential for a human being to live a well and soothing life because he believes metaphysical questing often to be a indication of a com mon kind of human dissatisfaction with the world as it is, which leads people to inflict atrocious cruelties to â€Å"remedy† the circumstances. Rather than run away to some imaginary ideal, Montaigne, like Nietzsche, wants people to accept the world. (Levine. Page 1999) While supporters of Aristotle held the view that exacting natural bodies are parading substances, Descartes holds the view point that there are no substances at all, and therefore it is no shocker that they do not take bliss in the virtue which he posits as a belonging of all true substance. Followers of Aristotle made a critical dissimilarity between natural things and synthetic objects. Restricting substantiality to the natural: a